|
|
T. G. Masaryk's Accentuation of the Social Question in second half of the 19th century
Kozák, Vratislav ; Havelka, Miloš (advisor) ; Nešpor, Zdeněk (referee) ; Kubátová, Helena (referee)
Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk of the 20th century is a person whose characterization and classification in the society of the time is generally agreed upon among scholars. Masaryk of the 19th century, however, is a very different case. To this day, there is still no consensus among scholars as to how exactly to classify Masaryk, which many simplify by arguing that Masaryk himself was indecisive in this regard, devoting himself to many things at once but not always fully. The central issue of the second half of the 19th century was undoubtedly the social question, which is also difficult for many to grasp, since it can be viewed in either a very specific or a very general way. With this in mind, in my thesis I not only focus on Masaryk's view of the social question of the time, but I come up with the hypothesis that it is the social question and its principle of equality that is the central motive of the person of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk in the 19th century. I propose a functional Masarykian model for solving the social issues of the time, which is based on the aforementioned concept of equality, but in several interrelated yet sufficiently independent areas, such as religion, politics, nationalism, society and education. I subsequently verify the location of these individual aspects within my Masarykian...
|
|
|
Philosophical and Sociological Contexts of Masaryk’s Meaning of Czech History
Svoboda, Jan
In the Czech Question (1895) Masaryk laid the foundation for his conception of the meaning of Czech history. Masaryk found the main idea, which qualitatively creates the continuity of Czech history and as a national emancipation programme has the necessary potential to give meaning to all its partial contexts, in the idea of humanity. The purpose of this paper is to point out the fundamental connection between the democratizing efforts of Masaryk’s political realism for a kind of permanent humanization of society, the aim of which was to transform the dysfunctional ancien régime of federalized Austria into a modern civil society. However, the theoretical basis for these considerations had already been given in earlier works, most notably in the book Foundations of Concrete Logic (1885).
|
|
|
La Nation Tchèque: the construction of Czechoslovak nation in France
Krejčová, Jana ; Matějka, Ondřej (advisor) ; Bauer, Paul (referee)
During the First World War intense diplomatic efforts of T. G. Masaryk and his companions helped to create circumstances for the foundation of the Czechoslovak independent state. Extensive propaganda was an important element of the activities of the Czechoslovak National Council, the official organ of Masaryk's group, based in Paris. Revue La Nation Tchèque was a crucial communication channel targeting the French audience. By the means of thematic analysis and elements of historic-discourse analysis, this thesis aims to unveil crucial argumentative lines which were supposed to create the idea of Czechoslovak nation in the mind of the French people. The first chapter introduces the theoretical and methodological framework and deals with the different concepts of nations, it defines propaganda as a type of political communication and presents the approach of discursive creation of national community. In the second part, revue La Nation Tchèque is briefly characterised together with its redaction background. The last part of the thesis is dedicated to the thematic analysis which resulted in three main topics. The first topic focuses on the concept of national history, description of Czechoslovak national character and develops on the relationship with the West European history. The prevailing motive...
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
The suicide - Masaryk's lifelong problem
Kotek, Martin ; Petrusek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Paulíček, Miroslav (referee)
The work is focused on the theme of suicide in the presentation of T. G. Masaryk. Author's aim is to chart the Masaryk's life in such a way as to affect how the topic of suicide goes through the Masaryk's life and how is reflected in his work and opinions on the modern society. Is also pointed out, how this theme, in the background of Masaryk's philosophy, sociology and theology, mingles into all of these areas and connects them. The first part is devoted to young childhood of Masaryk and to his experience at the beginning of his academic career. It is outlined, how Masaryk got to know the theme of suicide and how he took it as his own. Another section is devoted to his personality and personal views on the world. Substantial part of the work is then focused on the interpretation of the religion and the modern developments of society in the administration of Masaryk and his theory of suicide. Following this, the author deals not only with this work demonstrative moral decay of society, but also with other Masaryk's works, in which is the problem of suicide reflected. The last part is devoted to criticism of Masaryk's concept from the mouth of past and contemporary authors and then the comments to the validity of Masaryk theory for today's society. So, beside the presentation, how was the whole...
|
|
|
Czech nationalism and the emergence of the Czechoslovak Church
Mach, Pavel ; Lášek, Jan Blahoslav (advisor) ; Kučera, Zdeněk (referee) ; Weis, Martin (referee)
This paper describes nationalism as a phenomenon that has become an integral part of Czech society in the 19th century and its manifestations. It describes the main motives Czech nationalist ideology created by T. G. Masaryk. It also described the political situation during the First World War and the circumstances of the independent Czechoslovak state and its share in breaking the Austro - Hungarian monarchy. The work deals with the problem of modernism in the Catholic Church, whose adherents later became the founder of the Church of Czechoslovakia. Briefly describes the lives of the founders of the church and their relationship to nationalist political movements. The core of the work is the analysis of texts relating to the reform movement of the Czech Catholic clergy and the Czechoslovak church, from the period between 1906 - 1931, which is determined by the definition of nationalism seeks to assess its impact on the formation and other life Czechoslovak Church.
|
|
|
Supercivilization. Patočka's Concept of Modernity and it's Relevance In The Context of Contemporary Historical Sociology.
Homolka, Jakub ; Arnason, Johann Pall (advisor) ; Skovajsa, Marek (referee)
This thesis deals with the concept of modernity called "nadcivilizace" ("supercivilization") that was developed in the nineteen-fifties by Czech philosopher Jan Patočka (1907-1977) in his originally unpublished study Nadcivilizace a její vnitřní konflikt. The main goal of the thesis is to introduce this concept in the framework of the author's life and work, as well as in the context of current research in the field of historical sociology. This goal is fulfilled through three main steps, which are preceded by preliminary remarks about the issues of nowadays civilizational analysis. The first part is focused on the introduction of the author's concept of modernity as it was presented in the aforementioned study. Patočka's original term "nadcivilizace" is introduced and put into the context of civilizational analysis. At the same time, the circumstances of the genesis of the text, and the spiritual framework of the epoch in which Czech philosopher lived, are presented. Second part attempts to put the original concept into the author's lecture of philosophy of history, and to demonstrate the changes that occurred in Patočka's understanding of modernity in his work Kacířské eseje o filosofii dějin (Heretical Essays in the Philosophy of History, 1975). Finally, the last part is dedicated to the problem...
|
|
|
Meaning of life in the work of Karel Čapek
Hodinková, Marie ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Rybák, David (referee)
The thesis named "Sense of Life in the Work of Karel Čapek" treats the problems of raison- d'etre of life seen by Karel Čapek. At first this thesis is preoccupied by Čapek's personality and character of his era. Karel Čapek is characterized as an author in whose works were projected his philosophical views influenced mainly by pragmatism. The thesis analyses Čapek's works treating issues of sense of life. Particularly these are two proses by Čapek "Obyčejný život" (Common Life) and "Život a dílo skladatele Foltýna "(The Life and Work of Composer Foltýn). These two novels are at first analyzed separately and then compared.
|
|
|
The meaning, form and reform of the family by T. G. Masaryk
Kaňa, Jan ; Horský, Jan (advisor) ; Lenderová, Milena (referee) ; Moravcová, Mirjam (referee)
This study investigates and describes ideas of the proper form of family life and activism in this matter - efforts to persuade general public to adopt these ideas. This corresponds to the choice of the main goals of the study: 1. Show what the content of these ideas was. 2. Show the range of topics covered by the authors of these ideas. 3. Show the manners of this activism. What media these activists usually used, how they fought or cooperated with rival activists and who was "target" of their enlightenment efforts. 4. Answer the question "Why did these efforts arise at all?" Why there was a feeling that family is in crisis and in need of reform. The feeling that family is in crisis probably has its origin in the days of the first attempts to define the family. However, this study does not focus on the topic from its presumed origin, but from the last quarter of the nineteenth century to the second half of the 1930s. This period represents a time of boom of these enlightenment efforts in the Czech lands and it's also time of T. G. Masaryk. His ideas of the proper form of family life and activism in this matter form the backbone of this work. The reason for choosing Masaryk is given by the fact that he dealt with given topic in its wide range. He was a man who didn't avoid disputes with other...
|
guest ::
